Psychological pressure

Stress (psychological pressure):

Stress is a cognitive and behavioral experience process composed of psychological stressors and psychological stress responses. Stress is a foreign word derived from the Latin "stringers", which originally meant pain. The word now written is short for "distress". It has the meaning of "tension, pressure, pressure" and so on. People have long recognized that stress can affect people's physical and mental health. Psychologist Han Selye was the first to use the term "stress". 

Definition:

The definition of stress can be divided into two areas: physics and psychology. The physical definition has objective properties, which refers to the force acting vertically on a unit area of ​​a fluid or solid interface; from a psychological point of view, stress is a cognitive and behavioral experience process composed of stressors and stress responses, that is, psychological stress.

Psychological pressure

Concept evolution:

Origin

The English word stress comes from the Latin stringier, which means "extend, extend, extract" and so on. It is also believed that the word stress evolved from the old French "distress". Distress in old French means "to be placed in cramps and oppression." Therefore, in Medieval English, the word "stress" appears in the form of "distress", meaning "causing pain", "causing sorrow" or expressed as "something that causes pain and sorrow". "Stress" was originally a concept of physics, also known as physical stress. Since the end of the 19th century, physiologists, psychologists, and sociologists have used this term to describe the physiological, psychological, and behavioral responses of animals and humans under stress.

Cannon first cited the concept of "stress". He believes that stress is a steady-state disorder under the influence of external factors. When the danger has not diminished, the body is in a state of constant awakening, which will eventually damage health. Selye did research pressure more deeply. He defined stress as "the body's non-specific response to adapt to any needs imposed on it." Stress can be divided into negative stress (distress) or positive stress (eustress). Negative pressure can cause individuals to have unpleasant, negative and painful experiences, which are obstructive; positive pressure can make individuals have pleasant and satisfying experiences, which are challenging and can promote personal growth and professional development. He also believes that psychological stress is a person's response to environmental stimuli. In order to adapt to the stimulation of the stressor, the body will produce a series of reactions, and the stimulation that causes the stress is accompanied by a series of non-specific physiological changes. If a person has no stress at all, it is equal to death. Too high or too low stress is not good for the individual. 

Beehr believes that psychological stress is an unusual or unexpected reaction that occurs when a certain situation causes a person to have special physical or psychological needs. Higgins et al. Believe that stress is the cause of a person's inner imbalance. Stress is the cognition and response to the experience of high anxiety, and the cognition and response to threats or dangers. Murray believes that stress is an environmental feature that determines behavior due to the interaction of psychological needs, and this need has diversity. He also made a strict distinction between the real environment (α pressure) and the perceived environment (β pressure). Therefore, when dealing with stress, it is not only necessary to reduce the alpha pressure, but more importantly, to reduce the beta pressure.

Concept Sinicization:

With the development of Western psychology in China, the term stress has also appeared in research reports on Chinese medicine, sociology, and psychology. There are many Chinese translation methods for Stress's research in Chinese medicine, sociology, psychology and other fields. There is only the term "stress state" in the "Dictionary of Psychology" published in the late 1980s in my country. In the Chinese community in Singapore, Hong Kong and Taiwan, it is generally translated as "tension" or "stress." The word "stress" is a common vocabulary in the academic circles and even in daily life in these areas. In the 1990s, Shanghai Translation Publishing House's "Dictionary of Psychology" (translated by Li Bosi et al.) explained stress in this way: "Stress, stress, stress: ① generally refers to a certain force acting on the system to make it deform. It has the meaning of deformity or reversal. This word is used to refer to related physical, psychological and social forces. Note that the pressure in this meaning refers to a cause, and pressure is a condition of a certain result. ②From the explanation ① mentioned Mental tension caused by various forces or pressures.