Red blood orange

1. Blood orange (Citrus genus Rutaceae):

Blood orange (scientific name: Citrus sinensis 'blood orange') is a cultivar of citrus orange in the Rutaceae family. There are few or no thorns on trees and branches. The leaves are usually slightly smaller than grapefruit leaves. The wings are long and narrow. The leaves are oval or ovate-elliptic, rarely lanceolate, the flowers are white, the back is rarely purple-red, the raceme has few flowers, the fruit is round, oblate or oval, orange-red, the peel is hard or slightly easy to peel The color of the pericarp and mesocarp is blood red or deep purple, but the immature fruit is not colored, the fruit is solid or half full, and the flesh is orange-red or purple-red when mature. The taste is sweet or slightly sour.

Blood oranges are mainly produced in the Mediterranean coastal countries of North Africa and Southern Europe. There are many cultivations all over China. The main producing areas in China are Sichuan and Jiangxi. Blood oranges like warmth, light and humidity, but they are not tolerant of waterlogging.

2. Morphological characteristics:

Red blood orange

There are few or no thorns on trees and branches. The leaves are usually slightly smaller than grapefruit leaves. The wings and leaves are long and narrow, with obvious or only traces. The leaves are ovate or ovate-elliptic, rarely lanceolate, 6-10 cm long, 3-5 cm wide, or larger.

The flowers are white, with a few purple-red backs, a few racemes, or solitary axillary flowers; the calyx is 5-3 lobed, the petals are 1.2-1.5 cm long; the stamens are 20-25; the style is thick and the stigma is increased. The fruit is round, oblate or oval, orange-red, the peel is difficult or slightly easy to peel, the sac is 9-12 petals, the color of the mesocarp is blood red or dark purple, but the immature fruit is not colored, and the core is solid Or half. It is solid when mature, with orange-red or purple-red flesh, sweet or slightly sour; there are few or no seeds, the seed coat is slightly ribbed, the cotyledons are milky white, and the embryos are many. Flowering period from March to May, fruit period from October to December.

3 main varieties:

Sicilian blood orange: Sicilian blood orange is a variant of Italian blood orange. Compared with ordinary blood oranges, it has higher vitamin C content and higher quality.

Rose orange: Rose orange is native to Italy. It is named after its peel and pulp are coated with rose color and emit the aroma of rose. The flesh of rose orange is tender and juicy, and it is a variety with higher comprehensive quality of citrus. "
Tarico blood orange: The comprehensive characteristics of Tarico blood orange are the best among many varieties of blood oranges. The fruit is the largest, with an average fruit weight of 193.5 grams. The vitamin C content is the highest, reaching 610 mg/L, and the fruit size is more consistent. , The fruit is bright in color, the fruit turns yellow and the skin becomes thinner, the oil cells are delicate and smooth, and the fruit is bright in color, orange-yellow. The fruit seeds are few to seedless, the pulp is delicate, the residue is juicy, sweet and sour, and the flavor is strong. Before the Spring Festival, it is purple-red "blood beads", rose fragrance, high edible rate, good quality, anti-cancer and anti-cancer.

Moroccan blood orange: Moroccan blood orange has good regularity, the fruit is oval, orange-red in color, smooth skin, orange-yellow flesh, crispy flesh, slagging, strong aroma, sweet and sour, rich taste, and good quality.

Red jade blood orange: The red jade blood orange has a high degree of regularity, the fruit is slightly flat, the surface is orange-red, the skin is smooth, the flesh is light orange, the flesh is crisp, slagging, the aroma is strong, and the taste is sweet and sour.

4. Place of Origin:

Blood oranges are mainly produced in the Mediterranean coastal countries of North Africa and Southern Europe. There are many cultivations all over China. The main producing areas in China are Sichuan and Jiangxi.
Blood oranges like warmth, light and humidity, but they are not tolerant of waterlogging.

5. Breeding method:

In mid-to-late February, the seedlings of Fructus Aurantii with well-developed roots were used to grow seedlings in a nutrient bowl. In mid-September, use semi-lignified thick branches of high-yield blood orange as scion, and cut twice at 0.6cm under the axillary bud. A slope, flat upper part, 4 cm long, with 2 axillary buds; cut the seedling 5 cm off the ground, and cut the rootstock in half. The incision is 0.8-1.5 cm long, and the scion is inserted into the rootstock. , After aligning the cambium, coat the grafted site with a drug stick, mix indoleacetic acid and 6-glycosylpurine at a mass ratio of 1:20, dilute it by 2000 times, and spray on the grafted site. The nutrition bowl is a plastic container with a height of 11 cm, a top diameter of 12 cm, and a bottom diameter of 9 cm. Carbonized rice husk, rotten farm rice

6. Cultivation technology:

Seedling transplant

Site preparation: Choose the southern hillside with fertile soil, sufficient water and sufficient sunlight as the planting ground for blood oranges, with a slope of less than 30°; deep plough 55 cm, and apply basal fertilizer.

Transplanting: The grafted seedlings will be transplanted with soil from early to mid-September to mid-to-late October of the following year. The row spacing is 1.8 meters × 3 meters, and 123 plants are planted per mu; the transplanting depth is 45 cm, and the soil is backfilled to fullness. When working on the countertop, pour in sufficient root water, and then fill in fine soil until the mound is slightly higher than 15 cm above the countertop; after 15 days, promptly remove diseased and dead seedlings and replenish seedlings in time.

Site management:

Rose blood orange

Pruning: When the height of the main stem of the grafted seedling grows to 35 cm, the topping will choose to leave 3 main branches in a balanced arrangement; for strong and upright branches, pull, hang, and twist the branches between September and October to make the branches diagonal or horizontal Growth; control the height of the tree no more than 2 meters, the tree shape is mainly festive; cut off the branches that germinate in summer from May to June every year, and keep the leafless branches, inner branches, short branches, weak branches, etc.; cut off the horizontal branches after picking the results , Weak branches, diseased branches, dead branches.

Weeding: Spread a layer of 8 cm thick wormwood or straw within 40 cm from the roots of the fruit trees; perform cultivating and weeding with a depth of 8 cm every quarter, and cover with new wormwood or straw after cultivating.

Light: In the fruiting period, hang a sheet or spherical object wrapped with a reflective film on the fruit tree to supplement the light intensity under the fruit tree.
Moisture: In the early and middle stages of blood orange fruit expansion, spray water once every night during high temperature and drought to ensure that the fruit trees can absorb enough water; in the late stage of red orange fruit expansion, drain water between the fruit trees and control watering. Without watering, keep the blood orange leaves slightly wilting for 8 days each time.

Fertilization: From February to February, June to July, October to November, mixed fertilizer is applied 3 times a year, with a dosage of 2.5 tons per mu; in the late stage of fruit expansion, 28 kg of selenium-enriched foliar fertilizer per mu is sprayed. 

Base fertilizer production: base fertilizer is mixed with pig manure, cow manure, fruit and vegetable waste, yeast fermentation waste, and fermented for 2-3 months.
Mixed fertilizer production: 15 parts of wax gourd peel, 25 parts of orange peel, 18 parts of tea residues, 15 parts of banyan leaves, 8 parts of wolfberry, 12 parts of comfrey, 10 parts of Tripterygium wilfordii, 15 parts of plant ash, 12 parts of animal bone meal, 12 parts of bean cake , 25 parts of peat soil, 20 parts of cow dung, 20 parts of pig dung, 15 parts of molasses fermentation waste, 1 part of borax, 1 part of ammonium molybdate, 15 parts of superphosphate; the production steps are as follows: ① Fermentation wastes such as banyan leaves, cow dung, pig dung, molasses, etc. are mixed and fermented for 35 days; ②Pound melder, comfrey and Tripterygium wilfordii into puree, add 4 times water and simmer for 2 hours; ③Step ①Mix the fermentation product with step ② , Mix the medicinal liquid and medicinal residue, add plant ash, animal bone meal, bean cake, and peat soil to mix evenly, then add borax, ammonium molybdate, and calcium superphosphate to get it.

Picking: After the results are obtained, pick the fruit in mid-to-late January of the following year when the fruit has just turned purple. The order of picking fruits is from outside to inside, from top to bottom. The inner wall of the fruit container is kept smooth, and the fruit is placed in time after harvest. Store at 3-6°C, do not expose to sunlight and rain.

Main value:

Blood oranges are different from other types of orange fruits. They mainly have the following functions: ①Good blood products, promote blood circulation and improve anemia; ②Contain the best essential oils to promote blood circulation, which can effectively improve human anemia; ③It can be warm and moist. Replenishing blood, improving cold hands and feet; ④Improving skin tone and promoting skin cell regeneration; ⑤It has a fresh fragrance, which can stimulate thinking and emotions. Because of its high vitamin C content, blood orange can promote the normal development of adolescents, so it was included in the 2019 Guangdong Geographical Society examination questions.